بررسی تطبیقی آیه انفال از دیدگاه مفسران فریقین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانش آموخته سطح 4 حوزه، رشته فقه و اصول، حوزه علمیه قم، پژوهشگر- استاد سطح عالی حوزه

چکیده

یکی از آیات مهمی که مورد گفتگو میان مفسران فریقین است، آیه نخست سوره مبارکه انفال است. اهمیت موضوع با توجه به اینکه از دیدگاه شیعه، این آیه بیانگر منابع مالی حاکمیت دینی است، روشن است. مقاله حاضر به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی نگارش یافته، نتیجه گرفته است که از دیدگاه دانشمندان شیعه، انفال به معنای زیادی‌ها است و در آیه نخست سوره انفال، به معنای عام بوده و هرگونه اموال بدون مالک خصوصی را شامل می‌شود. مالکیت انفال متعلق به خدای سبحان و رسول اکرم ص و جانشین ایشان؛ یعنی امام معصوم ع و ولیّ فقیه است. این آیه با آیه 41 همین سوره نسخ نشده است. از دیدگاه مشهور اهل سنت، انفال به معنای غنائم جنگی است، در عین حال، برخی از آن‌ها وجوه دیگری نیز بیان کرده­اند. مشهور اهل سنت عقیده دارند که پس از رسول اکرم(ص)، امام جامعه به حسب اجتهاد و مصلحت برای مسلمانان می­تواند به کسانی که بخواهد، از انفال بدهد، ولی در چگونگی و زمان دادن از انفال اختلاف دارند. به نظر مشهور اهل سنت، آیه نخست انفال با آیه 41 نسخ شده است. در این مقاله، دیدگاه شیعه با استفاده از آیات و روایات اثبات شده و دیدگاه اهل سنت و ادله آن بر اساس ظاهر آیه و روایات نقد شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A comparative study of Anfal verse from the point of view of commentators of the fariqin

نویسنده [English]

  • hasan sadeghi
پژوهشگر- استاد سطح عالی حوزه
چکیده [English]

One of the important verses which is the subject of debate among commentators of the fariqin is the first verse of Surah Mubaraka Anfal. Its importance is evident since, from the Shiite point of view, this verse expresses the financial resources of religious sovereignty. The present article has taken a descriptive-analytical approach and concluded that from the point of view of Shiite scholars, Anfal means all incomes. In the first verse of Surah Anfal, it is used in its general sense and includes any property without a private owner. The ownership of Anfal belongs to God Almighty and the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and his successor, the infallible Imam and the Supreme Leader. This verse is not abrogated by verse 41 of the same surah. From the point of view of famous Sunnis, Anfal means spoils of war, while some of them have expressed other aspects as well. Famous Sunnis believe that after the Holy Prophet, the Imam of the community can give from Anfal to whoever he wants, according to ijtihad and expediency for Muslims, but they differ on how and when to give Anfal. According to the well-known Sunnis, the first verse of Anfal has been abrogated by verse 41. In this article, the Shiite point of view has been verified using verses and Ahadith, and the Sunni point of view and its arguments have been criticized based on the form of the verse and Ahadith.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anfal
  • Fei
  • khums
  • Anfal verse
  • commentators of the fariqin
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